The Four Surviving Maya Codices

The Four Surviving Maya Codices The Maya - a ground-breaking pre-Colombian development who arrived at their social peak around 600-800 A.D. prior to falling into steep decrease - were educated and had books, written in a perplexing language including pictograms, glyphs, and phonetic portrayals. A Maya book is alluded to as a codex (plural: codices). The codices were painted onto a paper made of bark from the fig tree and collapsed out like an accordion. Lamentably, passionate Spanish ministers crushed a large portion of these codices during the success and provincial period and today just four models endure. The four enduring Maya codices generally contain data about Maya cosmology, crystal gazing, religion, customs, and Gods. Every one of the four of the Maya books were made after the ruin of the Maya development, demonstrating that a few remnants of culture stayed after the extraordinary city-conditions of the Maya Classic Period were deserted. The Dresden Codex The most complete of the enduring Maya codices, the Dresden Codex went to the Royal Library in Dresden in 1739 in the wake of being bought from a private authority in Vienna. It was drawn by no less than eight distinct copyists and it is accepted that it was made at some point somewhere in the range of 1000 and 1200 A.D. during the Postclassic Maya period. Thisâ codex manages cosmology: days, schedules, great days for customs, planting, predictions, and so on. There is additionally a section which manages disorder and medication. There are additionally some cosmic diagrams plotting the developments of the Sun and Venus. The Paris Codex The Paris Codex, found in 1859 out of a dusty corner of the Paris library, is certifiably not a total codex, however parts of eleven twofold sided pages. It is accepted to date from the late Classic or Postclassic time of Maya history. There is a lot of data in the codex: it is about Maya functions, space science (counting groups of stars), dates, chronicled data and depictions of Maya Gods and spirits. The Madrid Codex For reasons unknown, the Madrid Codex was isolated into two sections after it arrived at Europe, and for some time was viewed as two diverse codices: it was assembled in 1888. Moderately inadequately drawn, the codex is likely from the late Postclassic Period (around 1400 A.D.) yet might be from significantly later. Upwards of nine distinct copyists dealt with the record. It is for the most part about stargazing, crystal gazing, and divination. It is of extraordinary enthusiasm to antiquarians, as it contains data on Maya Gods and the customs related with the Maya New Year. There is some data about the various days of the year and the Gods related with each. There is additionally an area on essential Maya exercises, for example, chasing and making ceramics. The Grolier Codex Not found until 1965, the Grolier Codex comprises of eleven battered pages of what was likely once a bigger book. Like the others, it manages crystal gazing, explicitly Venus and its developments. Its credibility has been addressed, yet most specialists assume it’s veritable. Sources Archaeology.org: Redating the Madrid Codex, by Angela M.H. Schuster, 1999. McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. New York: Norton, 2004.

Role of Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Job of Human Resource Management Essay Its the individuals in an association that complete numerous significant work exercises. Directors and HR experts have the significant activity of arranging individuals with the goal that they can successfully play out these exercises. This requires seeing individuals as human resources, not expenses to the association. Taking a gander at individuals as resources is a piece of contemporary human asset the board and human capital administration. Job of Human Resource Management The HR supervisory crew recommends to the supervisory group how to deliberately oversee individuals as business assets. This incorporates overseeing selecting and recruiting workers, organizing representative advantages and proposing representative preparing and advancement procedures. Along these lines, HR experts are specialists, not laborers in a disengaged business work; they exhort supervisors on numerous issues identified with representatives and how they help the association accomplish its objectives. Joint effort At all degrees of the association, chiefs and HR experts cooperate to create workers abilities. For instance, HR experts exhort directors and chiefs how to dole out representatives to various jobs in the association, in this way helping the association adjust effectively to its condition. In an adaptable association, workers are moved around to various business capacities dependent on business needs and representative inclinations. Responsibility Building HR experts additionally propose techniques for expanding representative promise to the association. This starts with utilizing the enlisting procedure or coordinating representatives with the correct situations as per their capabilities. When recruited, representatives must be focused on their occupations and feel tested during the time by their supervisor. Building Capacity A HRM group enables a business to build up an upper hand, which includes building the limit of the organization so it can offer a one of a kind arrangement of merchandise or administrations to its clients. To manufacture the a successful HR, privately owned businesses contend with one another in a war for ability. Its not just about recruiting ability; this game is tied in with keeping individuals and helping them develop and remain submitted over the long haul.

WeberDurkheimMarx and how they account for religio Essay Example For Students

WeberDurkheimMarx and how they represent religio Essay nHow do we represent religion its starting point, its turn of events, and even its steadiness in present day society? This is an inquiry which has involved numerous individuals in an assortment of fields for a significant long time. At a certain point, the appropriate responses were confined in absolutely philosophical and strict terms, expecting reality of Christian disclosures and continuing from that point. In the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, a progressively naturalistic methodology created. Rather than expecting to have confidence in reality of the religion, what was required was the exact inverse: scholarly separation and a suspension of conviction. Three individuals who wound up doing only that were Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.Marx examined theory in Berlin under William Hegel. Hegels reasoning had a conclusive impact upon Marxs own reasoning and hypotheses. As indicated by Marx, religion is a statement of material real factors and financial foul pla y. Along these lines, issues in religion are at last issues in the public arena. Religion isn't the sickness, however only a manifestation. It is utilized by oppressors to cause individuals to feel better about the misery they experience due to being poor and misused. This is the birthplace of his remark that religion is the opium of the individuals. Individuals don't have a target perspective on the world; they see it from the confined perspective of their own positions.(p.35) At times I may appear to concentrate more on financial instead of strict hypothesis, however that is on the grounds that Marxs essential position is that everything is consistently about financial aspects. We will compose a custom article on WeberDurkheimMarx and how they represent religio explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now As per Marx, people even from their soonest beginnings are notmotivated by stupendous thoughts yet rather by material concerns, similar to the need to eat and endure. This is the essential reason of a realist perspective on history. Toward the start, individuals cooperated in solidarity and it wasnt so terrible. However, in the end, people created farming and the idea of private property. These two realities made a division of work and a partition of classes dependent on influence and riches. This material association of society is the thing that Marx calls class cognizance. This, thusly, made the social clash that drives society. The entirety of this is aggravated by private enterprise which just expands the dissimilarity between the affluent classes and the work classes. Showdown between them is unavoidable on the grounds that those classes are driven by recorded powers outside anyones ability to control. Free enterprise likewise makes one new wretchedness: abuse of surplus worth. For Marx, a perfect monetary framework would include trades of equivalent incentive for equivalent worth, where worth is resolved basically by the measure of work put into whatever is being created. Private enterprise intrudes on this perfect by presenting a benefit thought process a longing to create a lopsided trade of lesser incentive for more prominent worth. Benefit is at last gotten from the overflow esteem delivered by laborers in processing plants. A worker may create enough an incentive to take care of his family in two hours of work, yet he keeps at the particular employment for an entire day in Marxs time, that may be 12 or 14 hours. Those additional hours speak to the excess worth delivered by the specialist. The proprietor of the processing plant did nothing to gain this, yet abuses it all things considered and keeps the distinction as benefit. Financial matters, at that point, are what comprise the base of all of human life and history creating division of work, class battle, and all the social establishments which should keep up business as usual. Those social organizations are a superstructure based upon the base of financial matters, absolutely subordinate upon material and monetary real factors yet nothing else. The entirety of the establishments which are conspicuous in our every day lives marriage, church, government, expressions, and so forth must be genuinely comprehended when analyzed comparable to monetary powers. It ought to be clear since religion is one of those social foundations which are needy upon the material and financial real factors in a given society. It has no free history however is rather the animal of profitable powers. As Marx composed, The strict world is nevertheless the reflex of this present reality. Marx attests that religion is just needy upon financial matters, nothing else to such an extent that the real tenets of the religions are practically insignificant. This is a functionalist translation of religion understanding religion isn't needy upon the substance of convictions, however what social reason religion itself serves. Marx accepts that religion is a fantasy whose main design is to give reasons and reasons to keep society working similarly for what it's worth. Similarly as private enterprise takes our gainful work and estranges us from its worth, religion additionally takes our characteristics our most elevated beliefs and desires and distances us from them, anticipating them onto an outsider and mysterious being known as a divine being. Religion is intended to make fanciful dreams for poor people. Monetary real factors keep them from discovering genuine bliss in this life, so religion reveals to them this is OK since they will locate that genuine joy in the following life. For Marx, the issue lies in the way that simply like a sedative medication neglects to fix a physical issue it only encourages you overlook your agony and enduring, religion likewise doesn't fix the basic reasons for people groups torment and enduring rather, it causes them overlook why they are enduring and get them to anticipa te a fanciful future when the torment will stop as opposed to attempting to change conditions now. Far more detestable, this medication of religion is being regulated by similar oppressors who are eventually answerable for the torment and enduring in any case. Emile Durkheim proceeded with Marxs speculations in his book The Elementary types of Religious Life that was distributed only a couple of years before his passing, in 1912. As Marx had contended that each class had its own cognizant perspective on the real world, Durkheim went further to show that even the most essential social thoughts as time, space and God can be viewed as manifestations of society. Durkheim recommends that there isn't one reality yet numerous and that this reality just exists in view of the representative manifestations of people and their customs. Durkheim examined the native clans of Australia with an end goal to get religion. He inferred that religion consistently includes a differentiation between things that are sacrosanct and things that are base. Durkheim utilizes the case of the chain of command that capacities to hold the clan together. The totemic creature, Durkheim accepted, was the first focal point of strict action since it was the symbol for a social gathering, the tribe. He believed that the capacity of religion was to make individuals ready to put the interests of society in front of their own wants. All individuals from the clan assemble to perform intermittent totem ceremonies, it is these customs that set the principles for social request. It is prohibited to murder or damage the totem creature and it is therefor taboo to slaughter or mischief ones individual tribesmen who name themselves after the totem. In the cutting edge Christian religion, Durkeim contends that the ethical rules, for example, The Golden Rule and The Ten Commandments are essentially social standards. These guidelines control people conduct toward one another and serve to keep up a feeling of social solidarity. Individuals don't adhere to these standards out of their dread for paradise or damnation however for their longing to be acknowledged by society. On the off chance that they take an interest in the strict customs they will feel a feeling of having a place, though the individuals who disrupt the guidelines and evade the ceremonies experience the ill effects of social separation. To Durkheim, God is simply an image of society. .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .postImageUrl , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:visited , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:active { border:0!important; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:active , .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u dc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udc5af292879c736e 8e901ba71e7c6119 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udc5af292879c736e8e901ba71e7c6119:after { content: ; dis

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 12

Task - Essay Example Likewise, he has not strongly brought the feeling that the enormous mushroom of white smoke isn't cloud, however smoke. Independent of the kind of camera utilized, the focal point of the picture is clear. The picture taker unmistakably points and spotlights on the tallest pinnacle enduring an onslaught assault. Different structures encompassed by the pinnacle are an expansion to show the degree of harm realized by the extraordinary blast. The shallow profundity of field utilized keeps each component separate from center with the exception of the structures enduring an onslaught, just as the chaotic condition made by the effect. The reason for utilizing a shallow profundity of field is to keep the viewer’s center around the principle subject (the pinnacle), and to realize a feeling of riddle over where the occasion happened. Also, creating a monochromatic tone achieves a vintage feeling which further reminds the watcher that it is a chronicled occasion. With regards to issues concerning the encircling of the shot, the picture taker plans to direct the viewer’s meandering eyes from the pinnacle of center, to the structures encompassing it. The photojournalist additionally tries to show the watcher the general conditions and structures that have been scholarly covered by the mushroom of smoke originating from the pinnacle. This includes additional intrigue the image. In the subsequent picture, the picture taker tries to make an impression of a war-tone condition where there are setbacks of war. He centers around the dim, frequently unmentioned impacts of war. The officer imagined, is the subject of core interest. The item he is attempting to hold with his two hands, is presumably a war casualty, who may be an individual warrior, or blameless non-soldiers. The article that transfers an impression of war incorporates the full battle outfit worn by the individual under core interest. The photograph has an incredibly sharp difference which makes an obscuring impact. The focal point in this photograph is the trooper. To recognize them from different components caught, the picture taker caught a photograph with a shallow profundity of field,

Essay Help For College Students - Essay Writing and Response

Essay Help For College Students - Essay Writing and ResponseWith more college students competing for the limited attention of college instructors, it is imperative that you are able to deliver excellent essay responses that make all your college essays stand out. Unfortunately, although there are some great essay writing services out there, finding the right one can be a challenge.You will want to start by selecting essay questions that are written by experts in the particular topic. These are the types of essay questions that are prepared by top-notch colleges and universities for high school students. Not only do these questions provide the essayist with questions to which they can refer back later on, but they also help them learn specific techniques that will allow them to answer essays with precision.In addition to these tips, you will also want to make sure that you select essay topics that are specific to your goals with your college essays. For example, if you are taking calc ulus as a major or a minor subject, it is best to focus on problems that will help you learn these concepts in detail. However, if you are going to write about art history and other unrelated subjects, it is likely that you will have a lot of difficulty.Before you begin to write your college essays, you will need to carefully choose the topic that will have the greatest impact on the majority of your audience. This can be an important decision to make for many reasons. The main reason for this is that choosing the wrong topic can end up having a negative impact on your grades.When you are using essay help to write your college essays, you will need to be sure that you have an extensive idea of the information that you want to present in your essay. To be successful, you should be able to clearly state all of the details of your specific topic. This means that if you have an idea, it is best to write it down first in a concise manner.At the same time, you will want to be sure that yo u get your essay question out in a proper manner. In order to do this, you will need to consider the length of your essay. When your question becomes too long, it will likely be too difficult for the college instructor to effectively answer.If you need help writing your essay, you will want to speak with the professional who will be providing your essay help. There are many options that you will have available. Additionally, if you do not find the type of help that you need at a local college or university, you can still find great essay help from online services.Because all of the essay writing services that you will be researching online offer help with essay response, you will have a number of different options to choose from. This will help you get the best value for your money, so that you can get the essay response that you are looking for. Keep in mind that the way that you use essay help will have a significant impact on the grades that you receive, so make sure that you kee p this in mind as you choose your essay help.

Make Money Online How to Publish an eBook

â€Å"Hey, you should write a book!† Ever hear this from a well-meaning family member or friend? They may have good intentions, but what happens if you don’t have a book? To an amateur’s eye, you may not be considered a writer if you aren’t published. Scoff all you want, but the same may hold true for potential clients. If I had to choose between two writers with nearly identical attributes except that one had completed an ebook, you better believe I’m going with the one who has put in the time to create a cohesive document from start to finish. It speaks volumes to their capabilities and concept of the market’s demand. It also separates you from the flakey freelancers out there and the wannabes. But I know what you’re thinking: writing a book takes work, dedication, sweat, blood, toil, and caffeine overdoses. Wrong again, foolish freelance writer! You might already have one finished and not even know it. A Writer’s Orphanage A lot of writers have an assortment of creative projects that they’ve kept on the backburner or have put aside in lieu of paid work. Heck, this might even be the reason you got into writing in the first place, only being parlayed into the freelance working world to make ends meet. The thought of getting published by traditional methods might seem very far off and insurmountable for the time being. Forgive me, but screw that! If you’re a writer and you don’t have half-baked articles or unwanted finished pieces, then I can safely say that you’re not really a writer. It’s the name of the game to have pieces that just don’t fit into the marketplace’s jigsaw. What you need to do is find them a foster home—and by this I mean put them in a collection. Ebooks fit the bill perfectly. I actually took a partial â€Å"article idea† list that I was composing and made a collection of humorous titles entitled â€Å"1,000 Titles for the Lazy†. From this idea, I churned out 6 more books under the same concept. I had a bunch of unsorted poetry lying in the depths of my hard drive? Two more books. And then I actually got around to knocking out a book after being familiar with the process. All of this happened within a year. When a client asks how many books I’ve written, I can confidently say 9. It’s Like a Senior Year Assignment I remember the class well†¦ It was AP English class in the senior year of high school. Senior year in high school is particularly typified by a loosening of responsibilities—kind of an equivalent to how European students take a gap year before hunkering down for university. In the US, our senior year tends to function the same way. Anyways, the class was led by a new teacher. I believe they gave this teacher the job because senior year is a good way to get acclimated to the academic environment with low pressure. Most students have mentally checked-out or reserve most of their time for SATs and other college prep. One day, my charismatic friend (and fellow prankster) decided to hand in an essay assignment. The introductory paragraph was well-written, the conclusion was well-written, even the first couple of sentences of the body were well- written (do you see where Im going with this?). The rest read: â€Å"I don’t think Mrs. Omitted is going to read this, so I’m just going to write this sentence. After this sentence, I’ll put another one like this one, and still I think this is going to fly underneath the radar.† His grade? A. My grade? B minus. It was a pretty decent object-lesson into the adult world. Low Barriers to Entry The moral of the previous story is that most people don’t have the time to read beyond the initial scanning, no ones going to do all the research and homework into your work. Having a facsimile of work, or even an honest attempt, is good enough in some client’s eyes. It’s certainly worked that way for me, and you’ll rely more on your salesmanship with some evidence to back it up. This probably sounds terrible, but you can use word count to your favor. Think about it: a person can only read 200 words per minute. When they see a monolith of a document that looks good under a quick glance, theyre going to take the word for it and not actually read the content. Sorry. When someone tells me they cant write a book, I just say, â€Å"do you have any articles that dont fit anywhere?† Just making a table of contents and dividing your work by subject matter, you’ve just made yourself a portfolio that separates you from the pack. Your book may not exactly read like Kurt Vonnegut or being as nuanced as David Foster Wallace, but you just managed to join them with your contribution to the literary universe. The kicker is that if you do get an assignment and do a bang-up job, guess what? You now have an honest-to-goodness piece that is â€Å"legitimate† to add to your portfolio. Congrats and welcome to the working world! There’s More than One Way to Skin an Ebook Websites like Leanpub, Smashwords, and Amazon’s Createspace make it incredibly simple to create a professional-looking document. Each of them has their own guidelines for publishing a document: Smashwords requires that you follow their â€Å"Meatgrinder† formatting rules, Leanpub uses a template with Markdown, and Createspace requires a complete MS Word document (.doc). Don’t let these parameters scare you. It may take a day or so and a pot of coffee, but all of those websites are relatively user-friendly. The added benefit is that you’re gaining adjacent skills that open up a realm of money-making possibilities. There are plenty of gigs out there that open to you once you understand the work involved for creating a cohesive ebook from start to finish. As a side note, you may want to outsource creating a cover, but I found that slapping together something in Photoshop required a minimal amount of effort. Your mileage may vary. * * * The benefits to having a finished ebook are that you can get more work, you understand the process of actually putting together a book, and youve already done the writing. It’s perfect if you’re lazy, too. Why create something from scratch when you’re already done the scratching? The ultimate goal to creating an ebook is that you’re trying to increase your value to potential clients—if you can do it for yourself, surely you can do wonders for their project. Finally, when your friends or family ask if you’ve written a book yet, you can honestly say, â€Å"Yeah, I wrote a bunch of ‘em. When are you gonna buy one, Aunt Cheapo?† You can do the same and I hope to read—ahem, skim your book in the near future.

Essay on Sexual Orientation Discrimination Prejudice in...

Sexual Orientation Discrimination Prejudice in the Workplace. Sexual orientation is â€Å"the clear, persistent desire of a person for affiliation with one sex rather than the other†, otherwise known as sexual preference. (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) Prejudice against lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transsexuals (otherwise known as LGBT people) remain widespread in American society. LGBT people have always been a target for discrimination. Like other forms of prejudice, this discrimination is based on a hostile attitude toward a specific group and in this case minority. The current strides in the controversy of the legalization of the same sex marriage is a prime example of this discrimination. Sexual orientation prejudice†¦show more content†¦Because of this many of them arrive to work in fear of rejection or being ‘outed’ causing them to lose their job. As discovered by expert Cosby Burns â€Å"Discrimination and unequal treatment o n the job inflicts significant economic harm on gay and transgender public-sector employees and their families.† (http://www.americanprogress.org) Many open homosexuals will be turned down for employment just because of their sexual orientation despite qualifications, even though it is completely irrelevant to their skills and no one’s business but their own. Twenty states in the U.S currently have laws prohibiting the discrimination based on sexual orientation in public, as well as private jobs. These states include Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Main, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington Wisconsin and California. As found by California lawyers, the number of cases filed with the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing, or DFEH, pertaining to employment discrimination based on sexual orientation has â€Å"increased from 636 in 2001, to 714 in 2005 and to 821 in 2008. In 2011, the number of sexual orientation employment discrimination cases filed with DFEH spiked to 1,104.† This drastic increase may be attributed to the advocacy of equality in marriage laws in California and in otherShow MoreRelatedDiversity Paper892 Words   |  4 Pagesstatus, sexual orientation, religion, occupation, skills and abilities, personality traits, and values. This paper will discuss the impact that race and ethnicity, age, gender, and sexual orientation have on an individuals behavior. Human behavior is impacted greatly by race and ethnicity. Human behavior can easily be affected by stereotypes, discrimination, and prejudices. 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There are numerous types of diversity and demographic characteristics that impact on individual behavior. Values and attitude differences are a key driver of individual behavior. Values and attitude is how a person sees, relates to and acts in and out of the workplace. Psychologist Milton

Curriculum Mapping Definition, Purpose, and Tips

Curriculum mapping is a reflective process that helps teachers understand what has been taught in a class, how it has been taught, and how learning outcomes were assessed. The curriculum mapping process results in a document known as a curriculum map. Most curriculum maps are graphical illustrations that consist of a table or matrix. Curriculum Maps vs. Lesson Plans A curriculum map should not be confused with a lesson plan. A lesson plan is an outline that details what will be taught, how it will be taught, and what resources will be used to teach it. Most lesson plans cover a single day or another short time period, such as a week. Curriculum maps, on the other hand, offer a long-term overview of what has already been taught. It is not unusual for a curriculum map to cover an entire school year. Purpose   As education has become more standards-based, there has been an increased interest in curriculum mapping, especially among teachers who want to compare their curriculum to national or state standards or even to the curriculum of other educators who teach the same subject and grade level. A completed curriculum map allows teachers to analyze or communicate instruction that has already been implemented by themselves or someone else. Curriculum maps can also be used as a planning tool to inform future instruction.   In addition to assisting with reflective practice and better communication among faculty, curriculum mapping also helps to improve overall coherence from grade to grade, thus increasing the likelihood of students achieving program- or school-level outcomes. For example, if all of the teachers in a middle school create a curriculum map for their math classes, teachers in every grade can look at each others maps and identify areas in which they can reinforce learning. This also works well for interdisciplinary instruction.  Ã‚   Systematic Curriculum Mapping Although it is definitely possible for a single teacher to create a curriculum map for the subject and grade that they teach, curriculum mapping is most effective when it is a system-wide process. In other words, the curriculum of an entire school district should be mapped to ensure continuity of instruction. This systematic approach to curriculum mapping should involve collaboration among all of the educators who instruct students within the school. The main benefit of systematic curriculum mapping is improved horizontal, vertical, subject area, and interdisciplinary coherence: Horizontal coherence: Curriculum is horizontally coherent when it is comparable to the curriculum of an equal lesson, course, or grade level. For example, the learning outcomes for a 10th-grade algebra class at a public school in Tennessee are horizontally coherent when they match the learning outcomes of a 10th-grade algebra class at a public school in Maine.Vertical coherence: Curriculum is vertically coherent when it is logically sequenced. In other words, one lesson, course, or grade prepares students for what they will be learning in the next lesson, course, or grade.Subject area coherence: Curriculum is coherent within a subject area when students receive equitable instruction and learn the same topics across subject area classes. For example, if one school has three different teachers who teach 9th-grade biology, the learning outcomes should be comparable in each class regardless of the teacher.Interdisciplinary coherence: Curriculum is coherent in an interdisciplinary sense w hen teachers of multiple subject areas (such as math, English, science, and history) work together to improve the key cross-curricula skills  that students need to succeed in all grades and subjects. Some examples include reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. Curriculum Mapping Tips The following tips will help you through the process of creating a curriculum map for the courses you teach: Only include authentic data. All of the information in a curriculum map should reflect what is actually happening in a classroom, not what should be happening or what you wish was happening.Provide information on a macro level. You do not need to include detailed or specific info about daily lesson plans.Make sure that learning outcomes are precise, measurable, and clearly identified.It helps to use action-oriented verbs from Blooms Taxonomy to describe learning outcomes. Some examples include defining, identify, describe, explain, evaluate, predict, and formulate.Explain how learning outcomes were achieved by the students  and assessed.  Consider using software or some other type of technology to make the curriculum mapping process easier and less time ​time-consuming

Greek Influence on Rome - 3191 Words

â€Å"The Greek Influence on Rome† CLASSIFIED NAME Due: 20XX Throughout Roman history, there have been many changes that have taken place both in public and private domain. There was one group of people in particular who sparked very influential changes on Rome, the Greeks. Greece was highly respected around the Mediterranean in most of ancient history, because they were the more advanced society both socially and militarily. It makes perfect sense that Rome wanted to take elements of Greek culture and incorporate it into the ever growing powerhouse that Rome was becoming. With this in mind, it is important to understand the different aspects of Greek influence that ended up shaping Rome. The involvement of the Greeks in everyday†¦show more content†¦These elites were impressed with Greek civilization, and implemented certain Greek subjects into their everyday lives. One of the adopted subjects was philosophy. The Greeks had many great philosophical minds like Epicurus, Socrates, and Zenon. The two forms of philosophy that e ducated Romans were interested in, and supported, were Stoicism and Epicureanism [ (Shelton 421) ]. They gave Romans piece of mind and comfort, due to how relaxing the methods being taught were [ (Shelton 421) ]. In fact, Epicureanism had a lot to do with the idea that pleasure is nothing more than freedom from anxiety. This was what the Romans needed during the late Republic, when the expansion caused complications in the lives of many citizens of Rome. They used these Greek philosophies to find a way to relax during stressful times [ (Shelton 421) ]. Philosophy imported from Greece gave the Romans something to think about, leaving a footprint in the minds of Rome’s citizens for generations. Having a healthy amount of well educated Greeks inside Rome’s walls was taken advantage of by elite Roman families. They were not used solely for the use of the elites themselves, but for the children within the elite families. Romans started to adopt a Greek style of education by the second century BCE [ (Winn) ]. One aspect of education that the Romans were trying to obtain a mastery of was Greek rhetoric. It was a way of convincing others to side with your opinionsShow MoreRelatedGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreece s Influence On Roman Society And Consciousness Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesGreece’s influence on Roman Society and Consciousness Rome’s ability to Assimilate Rome became a master at assimilating other cultures’ technology and ideas, often adding their own, Rà ³man upgrades and refinements. This was demonstrated by Rome’s addition of the covus to the quinquereme warship design which they had copied from the Carthagà ­nians, leveraging the Etruscan arch in new ways, such as supporting huge aqueducts, and building on Greece’s concept of theater construction to create the ColosseumRead MoreThe Early Influences of Rome1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe early influences of Rome, according to the text, were the people of Etruia and Greece. It is said that it all started in the southernmost Etruscan centers[1]. These places, Caere, Tarquinii, Vulci, and Veii, were the first city-states to be formed. It wasn’t long before the great city of Rome would rise. In this essay, we will briefly comment on the founders of Rome and their influences. Taking each part of history step by step hoping to uncover the secrets of Rome†™s first steps towards becomeRead MoreImpact of Greek Culture on the Romans790 Words   |  3 Pagescivilization of Rome is one that is remembered today as â€Å"the most powerful world state in ancient history† (Fiero 139). From their superior culture to an army of 300,000 men who behaved as if â€Å"they had been born with weapons in their hands†, the Roman culture was unparalleled (Fiero 139). The location of Rome on the Italian peninsula put them in a prime location to encounter rich cultures such as the Greeks. Roman culture would not have been the same if it had not been for the Greeks, because theyRead MoreRoman Architecture : Greek Architecture1345 Words   |  6 PagesArchitecture in Rome was not solely created by the Romans, but was influenced greatly by other cultures such as the Greeks and the Etruscans.This is demonstrated by the examples of other civilization’s architecture within the Roman Empire.The combination of the cultures led to new type s and styles of architecture, helping to create a style of Roman architecture which showed influences of Greece and the Etruscans. Roman architecture has its own elements and techniques while reflecting the influence of otherRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Civilization of Ancient Rome and The Time of the Kings, From Republic to Empire: Romulus and Remus, the Etruscans, the Greeks and early influences HST 101 Spring 2015 Lance Raebel Pima Community College West Campus Tucson, Arizona Table of Contents Introduction I. Romulus And Remus founding story a. Twin brothers i. Considered to be half gods ii. Rasied by a she wolf b. Father the god of war i. Rapes Rhea Silvia their mother c. Find Rome i. Romulus then kills Remus for leadership IIRead MoreAncient Greece And Rome During The World851 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Greece and Rome are some of the most famous time periods in the world, but what influenced them? Ancient Greece lasted roughly from 1000-400 B.C.E while ancient Rome was from 753 B.C.-476 A.D (Cole and Symes, 75). The Greek alphabet was influenced by Phoenician sea traders and their art was mostly influenced by Egypt and western Asia. On the other hand, Rome was influenced by the Greek and derived the alphabet, many of their religious beliefs, and much of their art (Cole and Symes, 147)Read MoreThe Differences Between Greeks And Romans1225 Words   |  5 PagesGreeks and Romans civilization achievements were put into the categories of politics, religion, and intellectualism. Religion has performed a major role in developments of societies. The main points that will be discussed in this paper are the overall benefits and consequences of religion, and the changes that were made. The beginnings of Chr istianity are very blurry, as far as historical fact is concerned. The tragedy of the Roman invasion resulted in the Greeks having to change there out lookRead MoreSimilarities Greeks and Romans Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferences between Greece and Rome. | Essay. | | Zack Skone | 4/18/2013 | This document is about the similarities and differences between Ancient Greece and Rome. | Comparisons and differences between the Ancient Greeks and Romans The Ancient Greeks and Romans both began their histories as city-states. While the coastline and the mountainous terrain of the Greek peninsula isolated the various Greek cities from one another, the city of Rome was located in the middle of north-south

Reflective Portfolio Of Business And Management - 2595 Words

Assessment 2 Reflective Portfolio Subject: -strategic management B.A. in Business and Management University of Northampton, United Kingdom Tutor: Miriam Seifert By: Heelly Vaghasiya (UON I/D: 14439316) Acknowledgement I am very pleasure to have this chance to say thank you to everybody who emphasized me all throughout my study period. I am very appreciative for their help, direction, significantly positive feedback and neighborly counsel amid my assignment. I am genuinely appreciative to them for imparting their genuine and uncovering thoughts on few issues amid my work. I am warmly thanking to Ms. Miriam for her provision and supervision. Thank you Table of content 1) Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 2) Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 5 3) Background of industries †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 5 4) PESTEL Analyse†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Page 6 5) CAGE Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Page 7 6) YIP’s model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page 9 7) Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 11 8) References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 12 Executive Summary In this portfolio I have broke down and clarified about global retail business and Civil Aero-engineering. In this task I have expounded on this commercial enterprises and what elements influences this organizations to create and grow up. Indeed globalization is additionally real indicate examine in this report on the grounds that for making an organizationShow MoreRelatedReflection on How to Make the Most of Working in Collaboration with Others972 Words   |  4 PagesIn Lawrence’ (2013, p.195) point of view: â€Å"In the management classroom, theories on reflection and experiential learning clearly influence the use of personal, reflective writing exercises. They are used to illustrate course concepts and help students take charge of their own educational experience (and, therefore, practice making meaning for them).† Therefore, through reflection, we can make connections and examine our learning processes. 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Introduction The purpose of this portfolio is to enhance knowledge regarding the primary concepts of emotional intelligence and to coherently demonstrate reflective practice, intercultural sensitivity and social awareness. Furthermore, I will reflectRead MoreMarketing Strategies of Asahi and Saint Gobain2263 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction Marketing plays a very important role in the contemporary business arena. The marketing strategies of two companies in the glass industry in India are analysed on parameters such as product portfolio, pricing, positioning, advertising, distribution, etc. 2. Company Background and Profile In order to understand the marketing strategies of the two companies a brief of the companies profile and background is essential. 2.1 Asahi India Safety Glass Ltd. (AIS) Asahi Glass CompanyRead MoreExecutive Director Of Marketing Corporate Communications Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of new products across all brands and including contract sales. Provides insight and input to the Contract Sales Execution team. Additional partnership with the Human Resources and Administrative teams to lead communication activities reflective of our organizational brand. Supports the production of safe, high quality products, and team member safety. WORKING CONDITIONS 1) Office environment with minimal presence on the manufacturing floor, frozen distribution warehouse, and customerRead MoreThe Allowance For Loan Losses1649 Words   |  7 PagesAllowance for Loan Losses The Allowance for Loan Losses (ALL) represents an estimate of losses that have been incurred on loans in the portfolio that are considered to be â€Å"impaired† as of the balance sheet date, based in part of review of individual loans and in party on high-level analytics of groups of loans sharing common risk characteristics (â€Å"0081_REP_Sacher_interior.indd-243_Sacher_Loan_Losses.pdf,† n.d.). This report will cover the accounting standards of the ALL, the common errors thatRead MoreDunkin Donuts : A New Position1261 Words   |  6 PagesAs a new District Manager of Dunkin’ Donuts, a strategic plan will need to be developed based on the company’s foundation. Before planning can begin, an evaluation to the organization function should be considered. Therefore, I will acquire a portfolio of the company with SWOT. SWOT displays an analysis and diagnosis of Dunkin Donuts strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Furthermore, economic, social, and public trends are important due to their influence. This paper draws a pictureRead MoreWhy I Want Pursue A Career For Public Relations1684 Words   |  7 Pagescommunications career is quickly coming to a close. One item I’ve been gaining interest is how small companies and larger corporations use social media to promote their image. My knowledge about interpersonal communications and my past work ex perience in management alongside my interest in social media have prepared me for a career in public relations. Every company needs someone to help promote and sell their image, the job market for public relations specialist is diverse and can lead to greater job opportunities

The Sale Of Human Organs - 858 Words

The sale of human organs is a prevalent subject of moral exchanges that displays a civil argument that offers no trading off arrangement. Moral issues required in the selling of human organs make up its ethical issue. No argument is fully accepted when discussing the legitimation of selling human organs. I agree with the position from Savulescu’s article that individuals should be allowed to sell their organs and that it is morally permissible. Based upon figures from 2012, 95,000 Americans were on the waiting list for the most commonly transplanted organ, kidneys. That year only 16,500 kidney transplant operations were performed. The average wait time in the United States for a kidney transplant was 4.5 years. The demand continues to grow and so do the need for an ethical program to find a way to increase the supply of organs. This would help reduce the suffering that many needing transplants endure while they pray for a transplant. Based upon the utilitarian theory, if people are able to make their own â€Å"free† decision to take a risk and bring about a greater good than it is morally permissible. The utilitarianism theory states that the right course of action is the action that brings maximum good. The theory uses the nature of the outcome of an action to judge the moral worth of the action. (Mill, 2009). The rule of utilitarian involves first determining the potential rules of an action. It advocates that in order to determine the right rule to apply in a certainShow MoreRelatedSale And Sale Of Human Organs1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sale and purchase of human organs would be morally unjustified. For the purposes of this paper, my argument will allow for the term â€Å"market† to be used in its literal, physical sense, as describing a public location for commercial interaction, as well as in reference to the concept of â€Å"the market† in regards to a general domain of economic act ivity, in this case involving organ selling. In such a manner, we can avoid possible contention regarding what could constitute a market for human organs—suchRead MoreThe Sale of Human Organs2130 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Sale of Human Organs If your loved one was faced with a life or death situation would you do everything in your power to help them. The easy answer to this would be yes but thousands of people are dying every year because there just aren t enough organs to be transplanted. There are hundreds of thousands of individuals in need of life-saving organ transplants, but the wait list is so long, that human organ sales should be legal. This has the potential to allow patients to look for organsRead MoreSale of Human Organ1112 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish patients, who are on the waiting list for organs transplant, dies each year before they obtain an organ (Bates, 2011). While this number tends to rocket in not only England but also worldwide range, almost all the government still keep passing numerous policies to restrict the supply of transplant organs. Typically, they have long prohibited trafficking human organs regardless of proposals for reform. As a further work on this issue, the article â€Å"Sales o f Kidneys Prompt New Law and Debate† fromRead MoreThe Sale of Human Organs2046 Words   |  9 PagesKarra Bryant ENG 1020-011 Mrs. Shiner-Swanson Final Research Paper The Sale of Human Organs In the US recently the issue of human organ trafficking has become a bigger and bigger problem. When people hear that human organs are being bought and sold on the black market, they think that kind of thing only happens in third world countries, but it is quickly becoming one of Americas biggest issues. People spend years of their lives on the transplant list waiting for a life saving operation,Read MoreShould Human Organs for Sale?1685 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN ORGANS FOR SALE Should the sales of human organs be legally or not, it is quite difficult to find a satisfied answer to this controversial question at the moment. Although a large number of articles were written, numerous speeches were made, countless meetings were hold to discuss about this matter but until now it is still a big controversy issue all over the world. Thanks to the steadily development of scientist, technology and medicine treatment, nowadays human organ can be transplantedRead MoreIllegal Sale Of Human Organs1031 Words   |  5 PagesSale of human organs have been illegal in the U.S. since the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 was established, but illegal sale of organs still exist on the black market. The black market is where desperate wealthy people can make contact with unscrupulous greedy criminals to secure themselves a kidney or any other type of human organ they may need. The idea that a person’s organ can be purchased online or through a dealer like a car is une thical and objectionable. Potential causes for the thrivingRead MoreLegalize the Sale of Human Organs956 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize the Sale of Human Organs Compensation for the donation of human organs should be legalized for medical use. Medical surgeons everywhere are calling the government to have them legalize the sale of organs for transplants; allowing people to sell their organs would help people by meeting their financial expenses, solve the lack of supply, save many lives, and get control of the black market. Compensation for donating bone marrow is legalized, so why not organs? There has been a hugeRead MoreLegalizing the Sale of Human Organs1071 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing the sale of human organs has become a very controversial topic in the last few decades. Transplant surgeries were becoming relatively safe to preform, which lead the transplant list to grow rapidly. The debate on how to increment the number of organs available for transplant commenced. Currently organ donations were solely dependent upon cadaveric donors and family members. This shortage has engendered an ebony market for organs sales. People are peregrinating across the country to haveRead MoreLegalizing The Sale Of Human Organs1246 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing need of organs for medical treatment, illegal organ black markets become more rampant. Under such circumstances, should the government legalize the sale of living human organs? In Joanna MacKay’s essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, after analyzing from both receivers’ and donors’ perspectives delibe rately, she makes her own credibility to conclude that since there are potential donors and potential sellers that have a strong eager to trade kidneys, legalizing the sale of human organs would bringRead MoreShould Human Organs for Sale?1699 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN ORGANS FOR SALE Should the sales of human organs be legally or not, it is quite difficult to find a satisfied answer to this controversial question at the moment. Although a large number of articles were written, numerous speeches were made, countless meetings were hold to discuss about this matter but until now it is still a big controversy issue all over the world. Thanks to the steadily development of scientist, technology and medicine treatment, nowadays human organ can be transplanted

Therapies Methods Essay Example For Students

Therapies Methods Essay There are many different types of therapies or psychological methods used toalleviate problems. First, there are therapies that emphasize the value ofgaining insight to personal problems. Then there are behavior therapies andcognitive therapies, which are used to directly change troublesome actions andthoughts. Two therapies I will be describing are rational-emotive behaviortherapy and psychoanalysis. According to author Dennis Coon of Introduction toPsychology, ?Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) attempts to changeor remove irrational beliefs that cause emotional problems. Albert Ellis statesthe basic idea of rational-emotive behavior is easy as ABC. He assumes thatpeople become unhappy and develop self-defeating habits because they haveunrealistic or faulty beliefs. Ellis analyzes problems in this way: The letter Astands for an activating experience, which the person assumes to be the cause ofC, an emotional consequence. For example, a person who is rejected (theactivating ex perience) feels depressed, threatened, or hurt (the consequence). Rational-emotive therapy, however, shows that the real problem comes between Aand C. In between is B, the patients unrealistic beliefs. There are manyirrational or unrealistic beliefs that we all tend to hold. For instance,certain people I must deal with are thoroughly bad and should be severely blamedand punished for. This could lead to ?The old man next door is such apain. Im going to play my stereo even louder the next time he complains. Another irrational belief is it is awful and upsetting when things are not theway I would very much like them to be. For example, ?I should have gottena B in that class. The teacher doesnt like me. Rational-emotive behaviortherapy holds that events do not cause us to have feelings. We feel as we dobecause of our beliefs. Psychoanalysis resolves internal conflicts that lead toemotional suffering. Because of the huge amounts of time and money it requires,psychoanalysts have become rare. Four basic techniques Freud relied on touncover the roots of psychoanalysis are free association, dream analysis,analysis of resistance, and analysis of transference. During psychoanalysis, thepatient engages in free association, by saying whatever comes to mind. They mustspeak without concern for whether the ideas are painful, embarrassing, orillogical. Dream analysis is also considered a good way to tap theunconsciousness. Freud felt that forbidden desires and unconscious feelings aremore freely expre ssed in dreams. Then there is analysis of resistance where theanalyst becomes aware of resistances, or blockages in the flow of ideas, and heor she brings them to the patients awareness so they can be dealt withrealistically. Finally, there is analysis of transference, which the patient mayact as if the analyst is the rejecting father, former lover, or whoever thepatient is feeling anger towards. All of these techniques are used inpsychoanalysis today. Both rational-emotive behavior and psychoanalysis help thepatients recognize their problem and deal with it. The world today should belucky and take advantage of the many different types of therapies we are able tochoose from. These are just two of the many we are able to have.

The Attitude of The Employees Towards Job Satisfaction

Question: How The attitude of the employees towards job satisfaction and the motivation of the employees help the organization as well as the employees to succeed in the competitive market? Answer: The attitude of the employees towards job satisfaction and the motivation of the employees help the organization as well as the employees to succeed in the competitive market. it has been found that attitude has three components of attitude, Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral component. The types of attitudes are, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and employee engagement. It is necessary for the managers to know the type of attitudes so that they have an idea about the type of attitudes and take further steps. The extrinsic employees rewards the employees through monetary products and the intrinsic motivation help the employees to get a sense of belonging among the employees. The limitation of job satisfaction is that the employees become in competitive, as they are satisfied with the current job. The limitation of intrinsic motivation is that it takes to get implanted in the organization. The negative thing about the extr insic motivation diverts the employees from the path as they start concentrating only on the rewards. As it can be seen that the advantage and disadvantages are part of the organization, hence, the managers should know the proper way to handle the employees. Introduction Motivation and job satisfactions are inter-related to each other (Ford 2014). Once the employees are motivated, they will work harder for the organization. The motivated employees will be happy in the organization and hence they will hold a positive attitude towards the organization and will be satisfied in the job (Card et al. 2012). Thus, it is important the manager of an organization know the ways of motivation and the path to job satisfaction. The attitude of the employees towards the organization tells about the degree of job satisfaction of the employees in the organization. However, it is important to know about the shortcomings of jobs satisfactions and the motivations (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). Hence, the managers should prepare themselves beforehand for any negative situation. Though job satisfaction are positive terms yet if they are not sued intelligently in the organization, then chances are high that the organization will have to suffer from loss rather than profi t (Edmans 2012). In addition to this, there are different motivational theories that the manager should know to manage the employees. They should be able decide which theory should be implemented in the organization so that the employees perform well at the workplace (Hlsheger et al. 2013). This write-up will analyze the attitude of the employees and the job satisfaction of the employees. The importance of motivation in the organization will also be studied. The write-up evaluates the importance of motivation that will help the managers in the organization to decide the way, the employees should be motivated and the type of motivation that should be implemented in the organization. In addition to this, the limitations of job satisfaction and motivation will also be evaluated so that factors are analyzed properly. This will help the readers to understand the proper way of managing the employees and make the organization successful in the competitive market. Analysis The attitude of the employees towards the work speaks a lot about the way they will work in the organization or will succeed on a long run (Braun et al. 2013). Attitude can be divided into three components while an employee is working in an organization, they are: Cognitive component Affective component Behavioral component An individual should know the components of attitude towards work to realize the development of attitude towards work (Fortney et al. 2013). When an individual enters an organization, the person holds a certain belief towards the organization. This kind of belief is instilled in the person both through the ex-employees, word of mouth and through online research. The pre-assigned thoughts are called the cognitive component (Milln et al. 2013). The affective component is the emotional connection of the employee towards the organization and the feeling of an individual towards work (Oliver 2014). It mainly deals with the emotional side of the employee. Behavioral component develops in the final stage (Imran et al. 2014). The employee understands the nature of work and the nature of the co-employees at the workplace and eventually develops the behavioral components (Abbas et al. 2014). The study of the attitude towards job satisfaction is important because it will help the mangers to understand the perspective of the employees towards the work. The managers should know the components of the attitude well so that they are able to evaluate the areas that need upliftment so that the employees work well in the organization (Card et al. 2012). Even if the employees are demotivated then also the attitude comes to play. For an organization to make use of the attitudes of the employees, it should know the types of attitudes. The types of attitudes are: Job satisfaction The positive or the negative feeling of an individual towards the organization and the work culture of the organization decides the job satisfaction of the employees in the organization (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). Job involvement The employees should be able to identify themselves with the type of job they are doing and will get involved in the job and prove fruitful for the organization (Edmans 2012). Organizational commitment The employees should be able to know the goals of the organization and should be able to understand the expected results to achieve the goal (Hlsheger et al. 2013). The employees will then remain committed to the organization. Perceived organizational support (POS) Every employee needs a special attention from the employer. Once the employees will feel that the organization is taking care of them, their attitude towards the job and the workplace will change (Braun et al. 2013). Employee engagement Once the employees will be satisfied working with the organization, they will work enthusiastically for the organization, it will help in the enhancement of the employee engagement within the organization (Fortney et al. 2013). After gaining knowledge about the types of attitudes, the managers can help the organization to function competitively in the external market (Milln et al. 2013). The component will help them to understand the way the employees should be treated depending upon their stay in the organization. The types of attitudes will help the managers to understand the type that they want to see among the employees (Oliver 2014). Depending in the type of attitude, the practices will be introduced in the workplace so that the employees will be satisfied with the job (Imran et al. 2014). Limitations of job satisfaction Once the employees are satisfied in the job, they seldom tend to disturb the equilibrium factor that they have attained in the organization (Abbas et al. 2014). At times, the employees either do not want to change the job nor they want to take up any challenge in the organization. The problems of job satisfaction harm the employees as well as the organization (Card et al. 2012). At times, the employees are not ready to take up challenges in the organization. The managers in the organization will have a tough time innovating new business and spreading the business (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). If the employees do not have the interest in changing the job, their career will become stagnant. There are other limitations for job satisfaction as well. If any of the employees does not like the job and is working in the company because of lack of options then the factor of job satisfaction will not be applied in this case (Edmans 2012). However, it is up to choice of the employee to select the job. Many times, an individual joins a job just because he or she is not getting another job. If the environment of the workplace is good, chances are there that the employees will stay in the organization and work diligently (Hlsheger et al. 2013). However, negative chances are there as well. The employee may never develop the liking for the workplace and will even if the managers try hard, the employee will never be satisfied with the job. The employee will not be satisfied even if the person is provided with the good environment and good people to work with (Braun et al. 2013). On the other hand, motivation is one of the most important factors that drive the employees in performing well in the organization. It is important for the employees to know the two types of motivations because the managers have to decide which type of motivation will be helpful for the organization (Fortney et al. 2013). The two types of motivation available to the managers are: Extrinsic motivation The extrinsic motivation is in the form of financial motivation (Erez, Kleinbeck and Thierry 2012). The employees should be given the benefits and the bonus on regular basis. The employees should get the payment in time and leaves should be given to the employees properly. If any of the employees is doing any extra work that is beneficial for the organization then the employee should be given the rewards either in the form of money or in any other form of rewards (Kanfer, Beier and Ackerman 2013). In this way, it will keep up the motivation of the workers and eventually help the organization to grow. Intrinsic motivation The direct boss of the employees or the leader of a team can provide intrinsic motivation (Barrick, Mount and Li 2013). Intrinsic motivation does not involve money but the reward is given in the form of recognition. If any of the employees is performing well in the organization, the employer should recognize the work (Tannenbaum 2013). The employees should be roped in for the decision-making process in the organization. The recognition and the roles will help them in building the intrinsic motivation (Pinder 2014). Hence, the employees will work harder for the organization. The manager needs to know the form of motivations to decide the time when the motivations will be applied on the employees (Reeve 2014). It might happen that not all the employees could be influenced by one type of motivation (Haslam et al. 2014). Hence, the manager should be able to understand the employees and then decide the type of motivation that will help the employees to work harder for the organization. Motivational theory The experts help the managers in an organization to understand the types of motivation that is required by the employees introduces the motivational theories. The Hawthorne effect is one such theory that helps in the development of the individual and in turn helps in increasing the productivity of the organization (Pinder 2014). Henry A. Landsberger is the first person who understood that the workers in an organization work in a better manner when they know that they are being observed by a senior authority (Reeve 2014). The efficiency level enhances when they know that they will be rewarded for the work. The Hawthorne effect got its name when some of the social experiments that was done in the Western Electrics Factory at Hawthorne located in Chicago during the 1920s-1930s. The experiment was done to see the effect of physical conditions on the productivity of the employees. To carry out the experiment, the managers enhanced a number of psychical conditions like making the workplace bright, changing in the working hours, giving breaks in between works and enhanced the plan of the leaves. The result was more motivated employees as they felt that the organization is taking care of them and their well-being in the organization. The researcher conclude that the employees will become more motivated at work once they will see that they are been looked after rather than actual enhancement of their health individually (Haslam et al. 2014). The managers should make use of the Hawthorne effect in the organization for better productivity. The managers should not keep a constant check on the work of the employees because that might make the employees uneasy (Ford 2014). The productivity may decrease as they will be in constant fear that they are being watched. However, periodic follow up to the employees and their performance will help the employees to keep a check on their work process (Kanfer, Chen and Pritchard 2012). Getting an idea about the problems faced by the employees in the organization and taking measures to solve those problems will enhance the interest of the employees towards their work (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). Limitations of motivation There are certain limitations when the managers will have to apply the motivations on the employees. As far as the intrinsic motivation is concerned, it will take a long time for the managers to implement them for the employees (Kanfer, Chen and Pritchard 2012). If any of the organization is looking for a fast change or want to implement a new idea in the organization, then the intrinsic motivation will not help the organization (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). The employees will take time to understand that they are being treated well in the organization and then they will be motivated and work accordingly (Erez, Kleinbeck and Thierry 2012). As far as the extrinsic motivation is concerned, it is mainly in the monetary rewards. There is chance that then employees will mainly assume the rewards as their goal and will work accordingly (Kanfer, Beier and Ackerman 2013). There is a chance that once the rewards will be stopped that employees will also stop working (Barrick, Mount and Li 2013). The employees will not work for the organization but they will work just because the organization is paying the employees for the work (Tannenbaum 2013). This kind of motivation might be short-lived and might not help the organization for a long-term support. Conclusion After evaluating the importance of attitude in job satisfaction, it can be concluded that the job satisfaction mainly depends on the managers of an organization so that the employees are satisfied to work in the organization. It can also be concluded that the employees need to motivated so that they work happily in the organization. However, it is up to the managers to decide the type of motivation that should be provided to the employees. However, the job satisfaction and the motivations have their own limitations. On the one hand, the job satisfaction at times make the employees lethargic as they are not ready to go way from the job that they are enjoying. Lethargy at work affects the organization as well as the person who has the satisfaction in the job. On the other hand, the extrinsic motivation at times, takes the attentions of the employee away from the job as they concentrate only on the rewards. The intrinsic motivation takes time to get implemented in the organization. Thus , the managers of the organization need to implement the actions in the organization carefully so that the organization would not have to suffer any loss. The employees should also be made to understand that they should not take any situation as granted and work ardently for the enhancement of the organization. References Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W. and Bouckenooghe, D., 2014. Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance.Journal of Management,40(7), pp.1813-1830. Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.132-153. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Card, D., Mas, A., Moretti, E. and Saez, E., 2012. Inequality at work: The effect of peer salaries on job satisfaction.The American Economic Review,102(6), pp.2981-3003. Collie, R.J., Shapka, J.D. and Perry, N.E., 2012. School climate and socialemotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and teaching efficacy.Journal of Educational Psychology,104(4), p.1189. Edmans, A., 2012. The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), pp.1-19. Erez, M., Kleinbeck, U. and Thierry, H. eds., 2012.Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy. Psychology Press. Ford, J.K., 2014.Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Fortney, L., Luchterhand, C., Zakletskaia, L., Zgierska, A. and Rakel, D., 2013. Abbreviated mindfulness intervention for job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion in primary care clinicians: a pilot study.The Annals of Family Medicine,11(5), pp.412-420. Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Hlsheger, U.R., Alberts, H.J., Feinholdt, A. and Lang, J.W., 2013. Benefits of mindfulness at work: the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.310. Imran, H., Arif, I., Cheema, S. and Azeem, M., 2014. Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, attitude towards work, and organizational commitment.Entrepreneurship and innovation management journal,2(2), pp.135-144. Kanfer, R., Beier, M.E. and Ackerman, P.L., 2013. Goals and motivation related to work in later adulthood: An organizing framework.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(3), pp.253-264. Kanfer, R., Chen, G. and Pritchard, R.D. eds., 2012.Work motivation: Past, present and future. Routledge. Milln, J.M., Hessels, J., Thurik, R. and Aguado, R., 2013. Determinants of job satisfaction: a European comparison of self-employed and paid employees.Small business economics,40(3), pp.651-670. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Reeve, J., 2014.Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons. Schunk, D.H. and Zimmerman, B.J. eds., 2012.Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge. Tannenbaum, A., 2013.Social psychology of the work organization. Routledge.

Teaching Business Graduates in Brazil

Around fourteen years ago, after spending 10 years in Brazil, I came back to Panama with my wife to settle down, start a family and build a career. A few months later I was feeling I wasn’t quite happy with what Panama had to offer compared to living in Brazil, but I wasn’t satisfied with living in Brazil either.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Business Graduates in Brazil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I remember taking a walk with my father when I realized he should have gone through the same dilemma. As many other Panamanians, my father studied in a foreign country. He and my mother went to Madrid and lived there for 8 years. Two of my sisters and myself were born there while he was studying architecture. In 1976 we came back from Spain to live in Panama and he has been here ever since. So I told my father that I could not continue to stay in Panama because of its chaotic nature and wa s longing for the wonderful relationships I had enjoyed during my stay in Brazil. I made up my mind to go back to Brazil few days later after coming to the realization that there is no perfect country in the entire world. My next trip to Brazil would be more purposeful because I was determined to make a difference in the lives of those around me. I needed to do something instead of waiting for something to be done.  It might seem like a herculean task, but I’ll be satisfied if I could only change people around me. I’m sure you are already doing this too. Actually, I think you have been doing this before I took that walk with my father. You did it with your kids and I’m sure you feel satisfied about it. Now, your task there is done and you have much more to do here in Latin America. Teaching is about sharing knowledge. A good teacher also lets her students find their own answers. This approach gives the students a sense of responsibility. Cooperative learning h elps in motivating students and gives relevance to instructions. The students can work individually or in groups towards realizing the objective of the course. By letting students find their own answers, the teacher sparks some intrinsic motivation in the students that makes them to be more creative and competent. The self- esteem of students is developed through inclusive learning and at the same time enhances team work.   Since graduate students are being prepared to go to the field, teamwork and creativity are essential skills needed and cooperative learning promotes that.  Yes, a lot can be done for Brazilian graduate students and that is a good reason to consider teaching there.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brazil is a great place to live, to teach, and learn. Mostly to learn, it is such a rich and diverse culture. You can have anything between raw indigenous Amazonian vil lages in the North to a European colonial town in Porto Alegre, South of Brazil. There have been more than 10 years since I left Brazil. By that time, Brazil had already dealt with the inflation frenzy, their market was starting to open, and there was an optimistic feeling in the air. Brazilian people have grown one of the most powerful emerging countries in the world and are now part of the group that is shifting the world economies. If I needed to choose between helping Brazil business graduates how to take advantage of this position, or helping Panamanian graduates to help Panama reach a better position, I would prefer the later. There is a lot more that can be accomplished here or in another not so developed Latin American country. This essay on Teaching Business Graduates in Brazil was written and submitted by user Marisol U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Do You Need to Know About Writing a Graduate Essay?

What Do You Need to Know About Writing a Graduate Essay?If you want to know what an effective grad essay is and how to write one for the college admissions committee, you should look no further than graduate essays. You see, this is the only form of writing that is reviewed by the admissions committee. Yes, even your major is taken into consideration. So if you are worried about the subject or topic you will be covering in your major, you should find a good set of grad essay samples to show you what you should be writing.The most important thing to remember when writing a grad essay is to make it conversational. Remember that you want to convey to the admissions committee the whole story about you and why you are a good candidate for this particular program. What you need to do is just keep it simple.It is good to try to have a balance in the overall impression you are creating with the essay topic, but don't worry too much about this. When writing about a favorite teacher, don't for get to take a moment to mention what the professor did for your work.To be honest, the admissions committee may not appreciate this but it would help them decide if you should be a part of their program. Remember, you need to be an asset to them in this regard.While writing your essay, try to be as creative as possible. That doesn't mean you can put it in a single sentence, but give the admissions committee something to get excited about. Be sure to do this with all of your essays.Also, as you continue in school, you will realize that there are lots of opportunities available. So don't forget to keep an eye out for any that are pertinent to your particular needs and preferences.Grad essay samples is a great way to learn more about writing these types of essays. You should use this as your main resource to learn more about the subject.

How to make the first date unforgettable

How to make the first date unforgettable 7 Awesome Indoor First Date Ideas If you have met someone truly special, you will probably want to impress him or her with something, whether it is your personality and charm, or a cool date. Many people think that a dinner is the very best option you eat, you talk, you wear nice clothes. However, there is something unbearably boring and predictable about it. Why not do something original instead? Here are a couple of more imaginative ideas for a first date that you might want to try. A fitness class or a yoga session can offer a great opportunity to showcase your body. And, of course, stare at your partners. Remember to pick something that both of you would feel comfortable doing. Your date becoming self-conscious for not being able to keep up is definitely not the result you want. Most importantly, have fun! On a related note, a dance class would also allow you to touch each other for a completely innocent reason. Paying a visit to a psychic may show that you are thinking about future. This is a great option for people with a sense of humor and adventure. Just do not try this if your date is a staunch rationalist. Volunteer together! This might seem like more of an established relationship thing to do, but try to think about it from a different perspective. This will allow you to learn more about you dates character and ideas about life. Everyone wants a kind and compassionate person in his or her life, and doing something for those in need will help you find out whether you have already found one. Dare them to play video games with you. Personally, I am very competitive, so playing computer games with my partner is always a lot of fun. We play, laugh, throw pillows at each other, and generally have great time together. So, grab a console and enjoy a match or two. If you win, you can also get to know whether you date is a sore loser! Visit a used bookstore. Or go to your local BarnesNoble. It does not really matter. If both of you appreciate good literature, going between the isle, reminiscing about your favorites, giving each other recommendation, laughing about some terrible reads, you have had, is an incredible bonding experience. Go shopping for gifts.Christmas season is soon, and now it is the best time to buy presents. Going shopping will give you a chance to learn about each others families and friends and the way you feel about them. You can also ask for gift ideas and recommendations, so if your date is successful, you will know what to buy as a Christmas present!Hopefully, these ideas will help you organize a great first date that will impress your chosen one and set you on the course to true love. Just remember, that if you want your relationship to succeed, all the consecutive dates are just as important as the first rendezvous!

FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM IN ARTS EDUCATION Essay

FROM MODERNISM TO POSTMODERNISM IN ARTS EDUCATION - Essay Example Many modernist artists have mentioned that since 1980 they have been taught, with huge compromising problems and acute tensions, more and more inside a new paradigm based on a different set of premises, practices and expectations, related to but different from the parallel shift into postmodernism. Abbs (2003) has referred this paradigm to the shift that is related to thinking in the Education Institutes of British universities and is not to be identified with the atomistic and politically constructed National Curriculum, though many of the elements dislocated from their original meaning are reflected there (Abbs, 2003, p. 46). Modernist arts provides us reasons to believe that while something of value has been achieved under the shaping energies of the new paradigm, the literal and mechanical way it was instituted betrayed the broad sweep of the philosophy, ignored vital principles of creative pedagogy and maimed the holistic perception which lay at the heart of the thinking (Abbs, 2003, p. 46). Among major modernists names like Theodor Adorno, a major figure in the Frankfurt School of Critical Theorists, tells us that art and literature, and particularly Modernist art, could function as a kind of negative or contradictory criticism of society, in thought-provoking experimental texts. Adorno argued that difficult texts provoked new, unfamiliar, estranged conceptions of life that the dissonances and fractures of Modernist art expressed the individual's loss of control, centeredness and harmony in the contemporary world. For Walter Benjamin, modernist education has created a world of printing, duplication and photography, where artistic works have lost the 'aura' that their uniqueness once gave (Childs, 2000, p. 34). The rising technologies of artistic reproduction dispensed with the idea of a work's authenticity; for example, the idea of an authentic photographic or film print makes no sense. Benjamin thought this moved art's function from the realm of ritual, where it is magical and revered, into that of politics, where it is mass produced for purposes of marketing and propaganda, with dire consequences for a politically polarised Europe after World War I. To understand the paradigm which defines art in context with postmodernist education, it is first necessary to know what formalist modernism was not. It was not connective, inclusive, transactional, associative, referential, interactive, changeable, discontinuous, multilayered, impure, and ambiguous ignoring the autobiographical data and questions of personality. Postmodernist art, when encompass these qualities, presents a connective paradigm, which in turn demands a connective criticism to which we call "postmodern" recognizes time and periodicity, but, rather than being tied to one-way time series, it can move back and forth in time and can be associated in its reversibility with the new physics (Ascott & Shanken, 2003, p. 178). Walling (2001) while criticising postmodernism suggests that the way postmodernist education have abused and altered art curriculum is absurd. It does not make any sense for the national standards to be imaginative with reference to some particular standard. Postmodernist reforms in education at every level and field of interest has damped the curriculum rather than reform (Walling, 2001). Postmodern art when merged with the capabilities of visual art presents before us natural art, which